How does a fully automatic assault rifle work?
I know when you cock a handgun it pulls the hammer back and when u press the trigger it releases the hammer that strikes the back of the bullet which ignites the gun powder. But how does a pistol get cocked by istself if you don’t cock the slide. And also same thing with an automatic assault rifle. How does it shoot continueasley?
There are several methods of making a fully automatic weapon. The simplest is pure blowback with a fixed firing pin, a method used by guns like the STEN submachine gun. If you’ve ever fired a semi-automatic .22 pistol or rifle, you’ve used a blowback action gun.
In blowback, the pressure in chamber forces the bullet out the barrel, but it also forces the empty cartridge out of the back of the barrel. This doesn’t occur until the bullet has left the barrel as there’s a spring holding back the bolt, and the bolt is much heavier than the bullet. In the typical .22, the bolt moves backwards, pulling the empty .22 shell out of the chamber and flinging it aside and cocking the firing pin. When the spring pushes the bolt back into place, it pushes the next cartridge (which is being pushed up from the magazine by a spring) into the chamber. Pull the trigger, and the whole cycle starts again. This called a closed bolt firing system, as the trigger is pulled and the gun fired after the bolt has pushed the cartridge into the chamber and closed it off.
Now imagine such a gun where the bolt is held back from loading the next cartridge until the trigger is pulled, and the firing pin is fixed to the front of the bolt. When you pull the trigger, the bolt moves forward, propelled by a spring, stripping the next cartridge out of the magazine and pushing it into the chamber. As the bolt slams home behind the cartridge, the firing pin on the end of the bolt immediately fires the cartridge- and the whole cycle repeats, so long as the trigger is held down. Let up the trigger, and the bolt is caught as it moves backwards, stopping the cycle. This is known as firing from the open bolt. This system is extremely simple to manufacture, as it has very few moving parts, but it is not as accurate as firing from a closed bolt.
There are a number of more complicated systems used in other guns. Some use the recoil of the gun to power the reloading cycle. Most modern assault weapons vent a portion of the gasses in the barrel to operate a piston that powers the reloading cycle. Most also use a closed bolt firing system.
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